Transcriptional interference (TI) is the cis-repression of one transcriptional process by another. TI is often asymmetric and results from the existence of two promoters, the strong (aggressive) promoter reducing the expression of the weak (sensitive) promoter. These promoters can be either convergent, tandem promoters, or overlapping promoters. Examples of TI as a means of gene regulation are common in the genomes of 'extrachromosomal' elements. In addition, natural models of TI have been described in bacteria and yeast but less frequently for higher eukaryotes.

Fig. 1 Promoter arrangements that can lead to TI.

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Transcriptional Interference Function

• TI is a widely prevalent biological phenomenon. However, lncRNA can regulate the transcription of neighboring genes. Its transcription interferes with the transcription of neighboring genes that encode proteins. Regulated interference is most simply viewed as a binary switch in promoter utilization by RNA polymerase II (Pol2).
• We help customers analyze the transcriptional interference function of plant lncRNA. When the lncRNA promoter is activated, Pol2 initiates lncRNA synthesis. If the Pol2 elongation complex traverses the TF-m site in the downstream mRNA promoter, the interaction of TF-m with its DNA site will be disrupted (at least transiently), and mRNA transcription initiation will be suppressed.
• We also offer research services to maintain the mRNA OFF-state, which requires the lncRNA promoter to remain ON and that lncRNA elongation continually traverses the mRNA promoter. Regulation of interference can be achieved by blocking the binding of TF-lnc to its site in the lncRNA promoter or by preventing DNA-bound TF-lnc from recruiting Pol2 and/or other transcription factors to assemble the lncRNA initiation complex.

Transcriptional Interference Mechanism

• Although reports of TI in eukaryotes have been published over many years, few studies have addressed the underlying mechanisms.
• We help customers analyze the transcriptional interference mechanism, including promoter competition, sitting duck mechanism, occlusion, collisions, and roadblocks. Three of the five TI mechanisms are implemented in the transcription initiation phase and two in the elongation phase.

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