Colletotrichum kahawae occurs in almost all areas where coffee is cultivated. It mainly affects coffee leaves after the initial leaf infestation, the upper and lower surfaces are covered with light brown spots. These spots are gray-white in the center and later turn completely gray with concentric arrangements of black dots. Infestation also often begins at the leaf margins. The disease can spread to branches and fruits, causing dryness of branches. Fruits are affected by sunken spots that turn black, and the flesh hardens and clings to the bean grains.

Currently, the main technical means to prevent and control Colletotrichum kahawae include strengthening nurturing management (including proper fertilization and pruning), creating a microclimate environment suitable for coffee growth, making coffee trees grow strong and improving disease resistance, and controlling Colletotrichum kahawae by spraying pesticides. Lifeasible uses advanced biotechnology to identify pathogenic groups of Colletotrichum kahawae and to select effective agents to combat it.

The danger of Colletotrichum kahawae and the significance of its control

Colletotrichum kahawae can lead to dead branches, leaf drop, and severe yield losses, up to 80% in severe cases. The disease can affect coffee leaves, stems, berries, and other tissues. It causes serious economic losses. Prevention and control of Colletotrichum kahawae can guarantee the normal growth and development of coffee. This can increase coffee yield, create higher economic value, and promote the sustainable development of the coffee industry.

Colletotrichum kahawae control methods

At present, the more applied cultivation techniques, as well as chemical pesticides to prevent and control Colletotrichum kahawae are not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but many chemical pesticides also pollute the coffee growing environment. They may leave certain pesticide residues on the surface of the fruit, affecting the health of consumption. With many years of experience in plant science research, we aim to provide advanced biotechnological methods to provide effective solutions for the control of Colletotrichum kahawae.

• Identification of coffee anthrax pathogenic flora and screening for coffee anthrax control

To clarify the pathogenic species causing coffee anthrax and screen for effective control agents, we used the tissue isolation method to isolate the collected coffee leaves suspected of anthrax, purified the single spores, and verified their pathogenicity using Koch's rule, combined with morphological characteristics of the strains and phylogenetic analysis of multiple gene sequences (ITS, TUB2, GAPDH, CHS, ACT and GS) for pathogenic identification. In addition, using the mycelial growth rate method, can be used to determine the inhibitory effect of commonly used fungicides on pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, we were able to screen effective agents for the control of Colletotrichum kahawae through the identification of anthracnose pathogens, which can be effectively used for the prevention and control of Colletotrichum kahawae.

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